• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for cleaning a porous, at least partially, especially predominantly, metallic material (2), in particular a porous material (2), which consists at least partially, in particular predominantly, of light metals and / or their alloys, wherein the material ( 2) is placed in a container (3) and heated in this. According to the invention, it is provided that the material (2) is inductively heated in a container (3) formed by a non-conductive material through an inside of the container (3). Furthermore, the invention relates to a device (1) for cleaning a porous, at least partially, in particular predominantly, metallic material (2), in particular a porous material (2), which consists at least partially, in particular predominantly, of light metals and / or their alloys , in particular for carrying out such a method, comprising a container (3) for receiving and heating the material (2), wherein an induction coil (4) is provided, with which the in the container (3) introduced material (2) by an inside the container (3) is inductively heated, wherein the container (3) is formed of a non-conductive material. Moreover, the invention relates to a use of such a device (1).
    公开号:AT516081A1
    申请号:T50492/2014
    申请日:2014-07-16
    公开日:2016-02-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Lkr Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and device for cleaning a porous material
    The invention relates to a method for cleaning a porous, at least partially, in particular predominantly, metallic material, in particular a porous material, which consists at least partially, in particular predominantly, of light metals and / or their alloys, wherein the material is introduced into a container and in this is heated.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for cleaning a porous, at least partially, in particular predominantly, metallic material, in particular a porous material which at least partially, in particular predominantly, consists of light metals and / or their alloys, in particular for carrying out a method of the above type, comprising a container for receiving and heating the material.
    Moreover, the invention relates to a use of such a device.
    In many areas of industrial manufacturing, high-performance components are required.
    One focus is on new materials that are highly resilient but also lightweight. This is especially true in the automotive field, where weight savings are associated with fuel economy. In addition to composites, it is also possible to use porous metals or alloys for special applications, which have an excellent property profile for some applications. For example, shock absorbers may be lined with metal foam.
    A porous material made of light metal or a light metal alloy has the advantage that it is lightweight and mechanically strong and possibly withstand moderately high temperatures. Porosity indicates a ratio between the void volume and the total volume of a material. The larger this value is, the more porous a material is. Due to these positive properties, components made of a porous metallic material are used as mentioned in vehicle construction, but also in electronic devices such as mobile phones and cameras, and in some cases are preferred over components made of a compact metallic material. In order to conserve resources and to operate sustainably, however, it is necessary to recycle or reuse the sometimes high metallic proportions of the material incorporated in a component.
    When using a porous material in the automotive sector or in other applications due to its positive properties whose porosity is adjusted in the production targeted. For example, metal foams of aluminum or aluminum alloys can be made by powder metallurgy or melt metallurgy.
    In addition, methods are known in which a metallic material is formed unwanted with pores. This is especially true for various work-up processes of at least partially metallic wastes, which are purified by sublimation or distillation. A porous material is formed, for example, in a process for cleaning light metal waste, in which light metals are sublimated from the waste and thus form a gas phase, after which solid light metal is deposited therefrom. Although this light metal, which is present as a sublimate, is very pure at the beginning, it has an unfavorable, porous form for this process. Due to a high ratio of a surface to a volume, the light metal deposited in this way quickly oxidises again and is therefore ultimately contaminated with oxides again. The task of such a process, however, is to produce a semifinished product which is as free of oxide as possible. For the deposited light metal usually needs to be further purified, which is disadvantageous.
    Both when reusing a purpose-made and used porous component with metallic components as well as further processing of a resulting during the treatment process of an at least partially metallic waste porous material, it is advantageous if this is liquefied to separate metallic non-metallic portions of the material.
    If a material is compact and has no appreciable cavities, it is usually liquefied or melted by heat conduction in order to detach the metal from its accompanying elements. However, these methods are not readily applicable to a porous metallic material which is covered on the outside with an oxide layer. Due to the poor heat conduction of such a material, a disproportionate amount of energy is required to liquefy it by heat conduction using methods known in the art.
    The object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned, with which porous, at least partially metallic materials can be processed while minimizing an expended energy and thus cost-effectively.
    Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, with which it is possible to reduce a necessary for cleaning a porous, at least partially metallic material energy and thus cost to work effectively.
    It is another object of the invention to provide a use of such a device.
    The first object is achieved in that in a method of the type mentioned in the material is heated inductively in a container formed from a non-conductive material through an inside of the container.
    An advantage achieved by the invention is to be seen in particular in that a porous material is inductively heated with relatively little energy input and thus z. B. is melted. The more porous a material is formed, the faster it can be liquefied. In a method according to the invention eddy currents are induced in the introduced into the container material or its metallic portions, whereby the metallic components are liquefied. The formation of the container from a non-conductive material allows, for example, a transfer of energy from an induction coil directly to the material. As a result, the entire energy is used to liquefy or sublimate the metallic portions of the material without portions thereof being transferred to the container and the metallic portions of the material are liquefied in a short time. The inductive heating thus causes targeted primarily the rapid heating of the metallic components, which can then be easily separated from the impurities such as oxides.
    When liquefying the metallic components of a porous material, which consists at least partially of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium or their alloys, after heating a metallic portion of this material may be present in a liquid phase and the non-metallic components of the material usually float on the surface of the liquid metal. Thus, a method according to the invention enables a liquefaction or sublimation as well as a phase-pure separation of the metallic and non-metallic parts of a porous, partially metallic material under effective use of the energy to be expended in a short time. In particular, metallic components of a light metal or a light metal alloy can be separated from superficially adhering oxides of the light metals. With sufficiently high energy input and / or reduced pressure, a sublimation can take place instead of the formation of a liquid phase.
    Provided with advantage is that the introduced into the container material is heated by an energy transfer from an induction coil to the metallic components of the material, because the energy required for this can be kept low. Alternatively, the material can also be sublimated at sufficiently high energy input and then condensed. It can be provided that the induction coil, the container z. B. wrapped in a spiral. Alternatively, the induction coil can also be integrated in a wall of the container, wherein an inner wall of the container separates the induction coil from the material introduced therein. In this case, a heat generated by current flow is at least partially delivered to the container.
    Advantageously, it can be provided that a heating of the material is carried out up to a predetermined temperature, wherein the temperature is variably adjusted in order to keep a power supply as low as possible. As soon as the material has reached a desired, previously adjustable temperature, it is not further heated. For temperature measurement of the material, a temperature measuring device can be provided, which withstands high temperatures. An adjustment of the temperature to be reached depends on how the material is composed, or how high its metallic content is and which metal is present. The required temperature point can also be a melting point, evaporation point or sublimation point of the metal from which the material to be liquefied is formed to large proportions. This depends on the state of aggregation in which the metal is to be removed from the waste. It is advantageous if the induction coil is supplied by a connected AC power source with voltage to produce a magnetic alternating field. The electrical power is drawn from the power grid and then usually converted into direct current. The DC current is then converted by an inverter into single phase AC at the desired frequency. The inverter only has to supply the required active power. Alternatively, the required alternating current may also be provided by means of an alternator.
    It is preferably provided that a frequency and / or a power of the alternating field is at least partially automatically changed by feedback in order to achieve the best possible penetration of the material. A current penetration depth depends on its frequency. As a result, the current penetration depth is changed by an adaptation of the frequency and thereby can be discussed also on different amounts of a material. It can also be provided that the frequency and / or the power of the alternating field is completely changed or adjusted manually.
    Appropriately, an electronic control is provided, with which the feedback of a resonant circuit is controlled, wherein the resonant circuit comprises the induction coil, the AC power source and the material. In this case, energy is periodically exchanged between the induction coil or the magnetic field generated thereby and thus the material and the alternating current source.
    It can preferably be provided that the container is closed in particular airtight, in order to avoid undesirable reactions due to the ingress of air. In particular, thereby reacting with oxygen and thus re-contaminating the metal is at least reduced. It may be beneficial if a reduced pressure is set during cleaning. By lowering the pressure also becomes necessary for melting
    Temperature lowered. When inductive heating, this means that less power and thus less energy is needed.
    Furthermore, a sublimation process can also be carried out at reduced pressure. In particular, such a method is suitable under reduced pressure in a purification process of light metal waste. This results in a sublimation process and subsequent deposition of light metal in solid form initially unwanted porous material, which oxidizes quickly due to its large surface. With a method according to the invention, this porous material can be brought into a compact and pure form.
    According to the invention it can be provided that a device for carrying out such a method is rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis of the container, since the sublimate formed in the first step collects at an upper end thereof. To separate the sublimate, it is advantageous if the device is rotated. Subsequently, the sublimate is still melted to create a compact, high-purity semi-finished product.
    It may be expedient if, during cleaning, a gas is introduced into the container, in order to avoid or at least reduce unwanted oxidation, especially in the case of light metals such as aluminum and magnesium and their alloys. For example, protective gases such as nitrogen are used for this purpose.
    Preferably, metal parts of the liquefied material can be removed at an underside of the container via an outlet opening. In the liquefaction of light metals such as aluminum and magnesium or their alloys usually the almost pure metallic components are collected at the bottom of the container and the impurities or non-metallic components float on the liquid metallic phase. Through the outlet opening at the bottom of the container, the liquid metallic components can be easily removed and can be reused or reused.
    In terms of the method, it can preferably be provided that this is carried out following a cleaning process, in particular of light metal waste, in order to produce pure and compact semifinished product. For example, porous light metals obtained in a first cleaning step may be subjected to further purification.
    The second object is achieved according to the invention when an induction coil is provided with which the material introduced into the container can be inductively heated through an inside of the container, wherein the container is formed from a non-conductive material.
    An advantage achieved by the invention is to be seen in particular in that can be separated by the arrangement of an induction coil and thus by the inductive heating of the porous material with relatively low energy supply. The induction coil can be arranged ummantelnd the container and generates a magnetic field which generates eddy currents in the metallic portions of the material and this heated by them and liquefied or evaporated. Because the container is formed of an electrically non-conductive material, the generation of the eddy currents takes place directly in the metallic portions of the material. The container is thus essential for an energy-efficient liquefaction of a porous, at least partially metallic material, since only this is heated and other components of the device absorb little energy. Since the induction on a surface of the metallic components is the strongest, it also leads to a rapid separation of oxidic components, which is favorable for a rapid process management and thus a low energy input. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the induction coil is integrated in a wall of the container in order to allow a discharge of heat generated by the flow of current to the container, wherein an inner side of the wall of the container separates the induction coil from the introduced into the container material.
    Advantageously, an AC power source is provided, which supplies the induction coil with power to generate a magnetic alternating field. The AC power source typically includes a rectifier and a closed-loop inverter to generate a single-phase alternating current of a desired frequency from mains power. Alternatively, an alternator for generating electricity may be provided.
    Advantageously, an electronic control is provided, with which a feedback of a resonant circuit of the induction coil, an AC power source and the material can be regulated. As a result, energy between the induction coil or the material and the AC power source is interchangeable periodically. Due to the feedback and the electronic control of a current on the material or its metallic components is customizable.
    Preferably, the container may be formed with a closure in order to seal it, if appropriate airtight and thereby protect against external influences or against undesired reactions with air, in particular with oxygen.
    It may be advantageous if a vacuum device is provided, with which the container is evacuated. When setting a reduced pressure in the container and the temperature is herabsetzbar, which is necessary for liquefying a porous material. Depending on the desired pressure, the vacuum device may comprise one or more vacuum pumps, which can be connected to the container in order to evacuate it. Preferably, such a device can be designed to be rotatably mounted with a vacuum device in order to convert the porous sublimate, which may be formed at an upper end of the container during a cleaning process, in particular of light metal waste, into a compact semi-finished product after melting.
    It may be advantageous in this case if an inlet for gas is arranged on the container. The inlet can be formed with a valve, so that a supply of gas is optional. The supplied gas is usually used as a protective gas to prevent oxidation of the separated metallic components.
    Preferably, it can further be provided that an outlet opening is arranged on an underside of the container. The outlet opening is designed to be closable and can be opened if necessary to separate liquefied metallic components which collect at the bottom of the container from the container and reuse. Non-metallic components or impurities of an at least partially made of light metals, especially predominantly, existing material usually deposit above the light metallic components and are thus separable from them. When heating or liquefying the porous material, the outlet opening remains closed in order to prevent unwanted escape of the material or portions thereof. It is advantageous if a temperature measuring device is provided with which a temperature of the material can be determined in order to determine a period of induction heating. A heating of the material takes place up to a required, predetermined temperature point, which is variably adjustable. This temperature point can be the melting point, evaporation point or sublimation point of the metallic parts of the material. According to the invention can be provided with advantage that the temperature measuring device withstands high temperatures and with this measurements over a wide temperature range with approximately constant accuracy can be carried out.
    A use of a device according to the invention is advantageously carried out in the melting of contaminated, porous light metals and / or their alloys.
    Other features, advantages and effects will become apparent from the embodiment illustrated below. In the drawing, to which reference is made, shows:
    Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention in a highly schematic representation.
    1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for liquefying in particular a porous material 2 which at least partially consists of light metals and / or their alloys. In particular, the material 2 may be at least partially formed from aluminum or magnesium or their alloys. In addition to metallic portions 5 of the material 2, this non-metallic portions 7, such as impurities such as oxides, which is strongly schematized indicated. The device 1 comprises a container 3, which is formed from an electrically non-conductive material and which may be formed with a closure. Further, an induction coil 4 is provided which surrounds the container 3 on the outside spirally, wherein the induction coil 4 may rest on the container 3. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the induction coil 4 is integrated in a wall of the container 3. The induction coil 4 is powered by an AC power source 6 to generate an alternating magnetic field. As an AC source 6 may be provided an alternator. According to the invention, however, it is also possible to use electricity from the power grid, which is conducted to the induction coil 4 through a rectifier and subsequent inverter. Next, an electronic control is provided, with softer feedback of a resonant circuit is regulated. The resonant circuit comprises the material 2, the induction coil 4 and the AC power source 6.
    According to the invention it can also be provided that the container 3 is formed on a lower side with an outlet opening. Further, the container 3 may be formed so that it can be connected to a vacuum device and / or to a gas supply. In addition, it is useful if in the container 3, a temperature measuring device is arranged, which measures a temperature of the material 2.
    In a method according to the invention, the porous material 2 is introduced into the container 3. The induction coil 4, which is guided spirally wound around the container 3, is supplied with power by the alternating current source 6 and generates a magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the metallic portions 5 of the material 2 and thereby heats or liquefies them. The non-metallic components 7 are simultaneously miterwärmt due to the rising temperature in the container 3, but not liquefied. Since the container 3 is formed of an electrically non-conductive material, the magnetic field generates the eddy currents directly in the metallic portions 5 of the material 2. The heating of the porous material 2 is usually carried out to a required, predetermined temperature. This can be, for example, the melting point of the metallic parts 5 and can be adjusted and modified depending on the metal present in the material 2. The temperature is advantageously measured with the temperature measuring device.
    The AC power source 6 together with the induction coil 4 and the material 2 forms a resonant circuit. A feedback of this resonant circuit is adjustable with an electronic control and can thus always be adapted to the respective conditions in the container 3. In addition, according to the invention it can be provided that a frequency of the AC power source 6 is at least partially automatically adjusted or changed by the feedback. The frequency influences a current penetration depth and is therefore dependent on the mass and the composition or porosity of the material 2. In addition, it can also be provided that the frequency is modulated in order to achieve the best possible penetration of the material 2 and to liquefy its metallic components as completely as possible in as short a time as possible.
    If the material 2 is to be melted at a lower temperature or instead be sublimated and condensed, it is expedient to seal the container 3 airtight and to put it in contact with a vacuum device. The vacuum device may comprise one or more vacuum pumps, which reduce a pressure in the container 3. In addition, it may be advantageous if the material 2 in the container 3 during liquefaction, a gas is supplied to. For this purpose, an inlet for this gas can be provided, which is opened or closed, for example, with a valve.
    As soon as the material 2 has reached a predetermined temperature, it is liquefied. When liquefying a porous material 2, which consists at least partially of light metals or non-ferrous metals, the non-metallic components 7 of the material 2 migrate to the surface and the metallic components 5 collect at the bottom of the container 3. Should these liquid, metallic portions 5 are removed and then used further, it is expedient that this process takes place through the disposed on the underside of the container 3 outlet opening.
    It can also be provided that the method according to the invention is carried out following a cleaning process of, in particular, contaminated light metal waste such as aluminum and magnesium and / or their alloys. In this case, the metal deposited porous in such a process is coated with an oxide layer in a short period of time and thus contaminated again. In order to produce a compact form of approximately pure metallic portions 5, a method according to the invention is particularly suitable. In addition, it can also be provided that the cleaning process and the liquefaction of the resulting porous material 2 in the same container 3 are performed.
    Under suitable conditions, instead of liquefying the metallic components 5, a sublimation can also take place. This can be done under reduced pressure.
    The inventive method can be applied in particular to waste such as scrap, but can also be used for the extraction of metals, in which the metallic components are low, for example, to obtain metallic components 5 from dross or slags.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    1. A method for cleaning a porous, at least partially, in particular predominantly, metallic material (2), in particular a porous material (2), which at least partially, in particular predominantly, consists of light metals and / or their alloys, wherein the material (2 ) is introduced into a container (3) and heated therein, characterized in that the material (2) is inductively heated in a container (3) formed by a non-conductive material through an inside of the container (3).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the container (3) introduced material (2) by an energy transfer from an induction coil (4) to the metallic portions (5) of the material (2) is heated.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy input by a container (3) sheathing induction coil (4) is generated.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the induction coil (4) by a connected AC power source (6) is supplied with voltage to produce a magnetic alternating field.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a frequency and / or a power of the alternating field is at least partially automated by feedback changed.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that an electronic control is provided, with which the feedback of a resonant circuit is controlled, wherein the resonant circuit comprises the induction coil (4), the AC power source (6) and the material (2).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the container (3) is closed in particular airtight.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a reduced pressure is set during cleaning.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when cleaning a gas in the container (3) is introduced.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on an underside of the container (3) via an outlet opening metallic portions (5) of the liquefied material (2) are removed.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that this is carried out after a cleaning process of particular light metal waste.
    [12]
    12. Device (1) for cleaning a porous, at least partially, in particular predominantly, metallic material (2), in particular a porous material (2) which consists at least partially, in particular predominantly, of light metals and / or their alloys, in particular for carrying out A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a container (3) for receiving and heating the material (2), characterized in that an induction coil (4) is provided, with which the in the container (3) introduced material ( 2) is inductively heatable through an inner side of the container (3), wherein the container (3) is formed of a non-conductive material.
    [13]
    13. Device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that an electronic control is provided, with softer feedback of a resonant circuit of the induction coil (4), an AC source (6) and the material (2) is controllable.
    [14]
    14. Device (1) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the container (3) is formed with a closure.
    [15]
    15. Device (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that a vacuum device is provided, with which the container (3) is evacuated.
    [16]
    16. Device (1) according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the container (3) an inlet for gas is arranged.
    [17]
    17. Device (1) according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that an outlet opening is arranged on an underside of the container (3).
    [18]
    18. Device (1) according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that a temperature measuring device is provided, with which a temperature of the material (2) can be determined.
    [19]
    19. Use of a device (1) according to any one of claims 12 to 18 for melting contaminated, porous light metals and / or their alloys.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50492/2014A|AT516081B1|2014-07-16|2014-07-16|Method and device for cleaning a porous material|ATA50492/2014A| AT516081B1|2014-07-16|2014-07-16|Method and device for cleaning a porous material|
    EP15168285.3A| EP2974804B1|2014-07-16|2015-05-20|Method and device for cleaning a porous material|
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